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Application areas of flywheel technology will be discussed in this review paper in fields such as electric vehicles, storage systems for solar and wind generation as well as in uninterrupted power supply systems. Keywords - Energy storage systems, Flywheel, Mechanical batteries, Renewable energy. 1. Introduction
Abstract - This study gives a critical review of flywheel energy storage systems and their feasibility in various applications. Flywheel energy storage systems have gained increased popularity as a method of environmentally friendly energy storage.
A flywheel-storage power system uses a flywheel for grid energy storage, (see Flywheel energy storage) and can be a comparatively small storage facility with a peak power of up to 20 MW. It typically is used to stabilize to some degree power grids, to help them stay on the grid frequency, and to serve as a short-term compensation storage.
Source: Endesa, S.A.U. Another significant project is the installation of a flywheel energy storage system by Red Eléctrica de España (the transmission system operator (TSO) of Spain) in the Mácher 66 kV substation, located in the municipality of Tías on Lanzarote (Canary Islands).
Hybrid energy systems often yield greater economic and environmental returns than wind, solar, geothermal or trigeneration stand-alone systems by themselves. Combined use of wind+solar systems results, in many places, in a smoother/cleaner power output since the resources are anti-correlated.
A hybrid energy system, or hybrid power, usually consists of two or more renewable energy sources used together to provide increased system efficiency as well as greater balance in energy supply. Floating solar is usually added to existing hydro rather than building both together.
Hybrid power plants often contain a renewable energy component (such as PV) that is balanced via a second form of generation or storage such as a diesel genset, fuel cell or battery storage system. They can also provide other forms of power such as heat for some applications.
Another example of a hybrid energy system is a photovoltaic array coupled with a wind turbine. This would create more output from the wind turbine during the winter, whereas during the summer, the solar panels would produce their peak output.
According to the above analysis, in order to fill the research gap of the user-side energy storage system participating in the high reliability power supply transaction, this paper first proposes a high reliability power supply transaction model between the user-side energy storage system and the power grid company.
In the optimization configuration of the energy storage system on the user-side in Fig. 6, it is necessary to consider the constraints of high reliability power supply tasks on the capacity of the energy storage system on the user-side, as well as the impact of its actual output on the objective function.
The user-side energy storage system can not only participate in the capacity market as a quick response resource for users to obtain benefits [3, 4], but also ensure users' power consumption according to the actual high reliability power supply scenario by taking advantage of its high flexibility, fast response speed and other characteristics .
The user-side energy storage system optimization configuration model proposed in this paper is a nonlinear, mixed-integer problem. The integer aspects mainly involve the decision variables in the outer optimization model: the rated capacity and rated charging/discharging power of the user-side energy storage system.
