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Jordan Telecom Group is the principal telecommunications services provider in the Kingdom of Jordan. Jordan Telecom is responsible for the administration of the basic telecommunications infrastructure which forms the base of Jordan's telecommunications services industry.
The remaining 40% of the group's shares were owned by JITCO Investment Group, a holding company consisting of Orange (88%) and the Arab Bank (12%). The Jordan Telecom Group (JTG) owns the following telecommunications companies: Jordan Telecom is a privatized telephone company, founded in 1971 and now belonging to the Jordan Telecom Group.
The history of telecommunications in Jordan can be traced back to early 1921. After the foundation of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, the Ministry of Post, Telegraph and Telephony was established which further developed the country's Telecommunications Services.
This technical report focuses on energy-saving technology of base stations. Some energy saving technologies since 4G era will be explained in details, while artificial intelligence and big data technology will be introduced in response to the requirement of an intelligent and self-adaptive energy saving solution.
Therefore, low-carbon upgrades to communication base stations can effectively improve the economics of local energy use while reducing local environmental pollution and gaining public health benefits. For this research, we recommend further in-depth exploration in three areas for the future.
A small-scale communication base station communication antenna with an average power of 2 kW can consume up to 48 kWh per day. 4,5,6 Therefore, the low-carbon upgrade of communication base stations and systems is at the core of the telecommunications industry’s energy use issues.
There are two main methods of base station energy saving, including hardware and software.
5G networks divide coverage areas into smaller zones called cells, enabling devices to connect to local base stations via radio. Each station connects to the broader telephone network and the Internet through high-speed optical fiber or wireless backhaul.
Hormuud Telecom is optimistic about the future, citing an existing 4G network that serves 70% of the population. The company anticipates an increase in coverage, with 5G services reaching 88% of urban dwellers and approximately 70% of rural communities within a year.
The marketing of non-5G services refers to the promotion of enhanced 4G networks that are presented as precursors or equivalents to 5G. Some mobile network operators marketed upgraded 4G technologies using terms that suggested 5G capability.
The company anticipates an increase in coverage, with 5G services reaching 88% of urban dwellers and approximately 70% of rural communities within a year. The launch of the 5G network promises faster and more reliable internet services, with the company claiming over 80% coverage capability in its initial statement.
Total wind energy potential: According to the World Bank estimation, the technical wind offshore power potential exceeds 70 GW, which is 10 times the capacity of all power plants in Turkmenistan in 2022. Onshore Wind Potential: 10 GW, 222W/m2 at a height of 50m.
To support these initiatives, Turkmenistan is improving energy interconnectivity with neighbors and expanding its transmission network into Europe and South Asia. Key projects include the Trans-Caspian Pipeline (TCP) and the Turkmenistan-Afghanistan-Pakistan-India (TAPI) gas pipeline.
Average Theoretical Solar Potential: 4.4 kWh/m2, roughly 655 GW of additional capacity. Potential: Turkmenistan, with the world’s fourth-largest natural gas reserves, is strategically positioned for hydrogen energy development, as 68% of global hydrogen production is derived from natural gas, making it the most cost-effective method.
The low-carbon energy transition in Turkmenistan is stalled due to the dominance of fossil fuels, which crowd out low-carbon alternatives. Key factors include: Abundant fossil fuel reserves lead to low-cost energy production that meets domestic demand, limiting the market for low-carbon options.
5G networks divide coverage areas into smaller zones called cells, enabling devices to connect to local base stations via radio. Each station connects to the broader telephone network and the Internet through high-speed optical fiber or wireless backhaul.
Major suppliers of 5G radio and core systems included Altiostar, Cisco Systems, Datang Telecom/Fiberhome, Ericsson, Huawei, Nokia, Qualcomm, Samsung, and ZTE. Huawei was estimated to hold about 70 percent of global 5G base stations by 2023.
The marketing of non-5G services refers to the promotion of enhanced 4G networks that are presented as precursors or equivalents to 5G. Some mobile network operators marketed upgraded 4G technologies using terms that suggested 5G capability.
The 5G New Radio (NR) interface defines two main operating ranges: Frequency Range 1 (FR1) – below 7.125 GHz, also called sub-6 GHz. It covers low- and mid-band frequencies and supports channel bandwidths up to 100 MHz. Typical download speeds range from 5 to 900 Mbit/s depending on conditions.
